The Toyota FCV Plus at the 2016 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan. (Jewel Samad, AFP)
Detroit - Survey the latest at the Detroit Auto Show and you will find fibres from water bottles in car seats, hemp in the dashboards and citrus peel in the tires.
Car makers, in a continuing quest to develop lighter and more environmentally-friendly vehicles, are making increased use of sometimes unlikely materials in their cars and trucks.
US auto giant Ford has set a requirement that the seat fabrics sold on all vehicles in North America must have at least 30% recycled content, said Barb Whalen, Ford's colour, material and design manager.
There will be no relaxation of this rule due to low crude-oil prices, which have made petroleum-based components cheaper, she said.
"It's the right thing to do, for the environment, for ourselves and our customers," Whalen told AFP. "Even though oil prices are cheaper, it's still the best thing."
Car makers are also using more plant-based items, such as eucalyptus fibers, which are going into dashboards of the BMW i3, a plug-in hybrid.
Faurecia, a French automotive parts supplier, sees growth in its "bio" business, even if it remains small, said Pierre Demortain, a sales executive in the joint venture Faurecia APM, which specializes in those materials.
Natural materials tend to be lighter than synthetic ones, he said.
"Hemp is a plant that doesn't need irrigation or pesticides to grow and can reduce door weight by 25%," he said.
Faurecia currently combines hemp with petroleum raw materials as a component in its plastics. But in two or three years, the plastics are expected to be 100% natural-based, Demortain said.
Some key car parts face challenges before they can increase their use of natural products. Tyres are today composed about 75% from petroleum-based products and 25% from natural rubber trees.
Michelin would like to increase the share from vegetable sources, but "it's difficult to imagine doubling the number of rubber plants, " said Thierry Willer, a spokesperson for Michelin specializing in materials.
For that reason, Michelin is researching ways to make synthetic rubber from sugars derived from biomass.
Rival tire maker Continental is also trying to solve the rubber riddle with Taraxgum, a perennial plant sometimes called "Russian dandelion" that it says has similar properties to latex from rubber trees.
Pirelli is exploring yet another option with rubber-like qualities: the guayule, a flowering plant native to the deserts of the US Southwest and Mexico.
Michelin's Willer said the tyre company also uses other renewable and environmentally-friendly materials.
These include sunflower oil, which can lend flexibilty to the tyre at low temperatures, and resins from lemon peels, which gives "the tyre more rigidity," he said.
Renewable materials must work as well as synthetic materials to make it into the tyres.
"But if you can get the same performance, you choose what's natural," Willer said.
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